India Super Power Essay

More than sixty years ago, in the summer of 1948, the Indian nation, then newly-born, was struggling for its very survival. India is a unique and unlikely democratic state because it is not constructed according to the classical European principles of â€Å" one language, one religion one common economy† .India contains an enormous diversity in language, religion and culture; and the state is not built on uniform nationalism, but embraces pluralism. Few Indians now alive know how uncertain our future looked in the summer of 1948. The question then being asked everywhere was ‘Will India Survive? . Now, sixty-four years down the road, that fearful query has been replaced by a far more hopeful one, namely, ‘Will India Become a Superpower?’. My vision as a citizen of India would be to make India a superpower, both in economic and military terms. The endeavour to be taken to herald this result would be tremendous and not without pain. One may wonder why India has not achieved this goal yet and what has prevented India from achieving this goal. Many reasons point back at us the root cause is paved by the citizens themselves. Too much focus is given on social and religious outputs which eventually lead to the election of leaders that are more focused on these aspects rather than on the economy and well-being of the country. On the other side of the coin, India faces more problems like proper infrastructure facilities, low agricultural output, high illiteracy rate and poverty. Major factors which act as a barrier for India to become super power are.., 1. Population: India’s increasing population is a big hindrance in India’s becoming a Super power. Rising population has affected the quality of life of the people for sure as imparting access of basic amenities and education to bigger population becomes more difficult. In the last several decades, fertility control policies in India have failed to promote a sustainable solution to the problem of overpopulation. India needs to take strict measures to counter the prevailing birth rate in the country. 2. Corruption: India is one of the most corrupt countries on the world map. Corruption in India has assumed such large proportions that public have come to believe that it is impossible to get rid of this malaise. We need variety of strategies to fight corruption, ranging from the simplification of rules and procedures and the application of information technology to specific steps such as trapping corrupt public servants. Open and transparent political systems are must at all levels. 3. Decline of public institutions: Key institutions like —politics, universities, judiciary, bureaucracy, police etc. are witnessing deterioration on the matter of accountability and productivity. In India, average incomes have risen fourfold and yet public institutions have not improved. Indian policy makers need to come up with number of public institutional reforms steps to counter this malaise. In India political parties are transformed into family firms in the past two decades. This result in nepotism; possibilities and success are dependent on one’s relationship with the ruling families. It causes the functional decline of public institution. 4. Naxal and Maoist menace : Extremism in the form of the Naxalite movement has to be checked. Stern and sincere steps should be taken to rein in the menace. Rehabilitation programme has to be launched to bring the Naxalites into the mainstream and at the same time police force should be given modern training and equipments to counter ultras. 5. Social inequality and Unequal distribution of income across society: India needs to address growing unequal income distribution and need to narrow the gap between the poor and rich .The impressive growth rates of the Indian economy reflect the growing industry and commerce. This produces a group of extremely rich people like Mukesh Ambani who recently commissioned a 2 billion 27 story house for his family of five. The rich do not seem to care about the dark side of their wealth. This disparity has only increased over the years. Economic policy makers need to work on this. The present global financial crisis is bound to make matters worse unless long-term structural reforms are adopted. 6. Environmental degradation: The social inequality is destructive nature; rural communities profit little from the economic growth and farmers in the country side are being forced from their land to make way for multinational corporations who exploit the soil and the forests. Economic development without environmental considerations can cause serious environmental damage in turn impairing the quality of life of present and future generations. The degradation is impacting people’s lives in very real ways, whether in the form of massive depletion of underground aquifers, chemical contamination of soil, death of rivers, loss of species etc. 7. Religious extremism : Current trends shows Religious extremism has risen sharply in Indian society and if not taken care of, they have potential to completely destroy the secular and democratic fabric of the nation. Religious riots, communal clashes and bombings in every nook and corner of the country are hindrance in the set up of secular fabric, scientific advancements, technological breakthroughs in the country. Matured democracy and vibrant, fast-growing economy like India  have to deal with this issue ASAP. 8. Media Apathy : In India most of the media belongs to the political parties, so they failed to cover all relevant and real issues revolving around our society.The media seem to have given in completely to the wealth and entertainment industry of the higher class. The media are financially dependent on the rich because of advertising and are therefore not critical of the corruption in the public domain and government. Since the 90’s journalists barely have any attention for issues like environment; most of them were retrained to be financial analysts. Media needs to come up with the coverage of real and main issues like social inequality and environment degradations. Media has to play an active role in spreading awareness among masses towards major issues of the society. 9. Political chaos : In the last two decades no single party has obtained an absolute majority.The political fragmentation across central and regional levels makes it very difficult to forge sustainable long term policies in the realm of health, education, infrastructure etc.Moreover, small parties choose the most profitable ministries for ‘short-term corruption’ . 10. Border conflicts: India’s unresolved border disputes, especially in Kashmir and the North East (Nagaland and Manipur) which indicates that there are parts of India that are not comfortable with being part of India. India needs to take proactive steps to resolve the conflict and fasten the development in these disturbed territories. I believe that India would make it to the top of the world as Indians are among the most intelligent people of the world. India has all the human and material resources that are prerequisite to become a superpower. It is only question of administration and supervision. The country proudly holds immense resource of experienced, high caliber professionals in all spheres of knowledge and technology. India is deemed as a â€Å"sleeping tiger† due to its capabilities in different fields like nuclear technology, space technology, agricultural research and software development. If provided with proper support, they would be able to implement any task that a developed nation may or may not be able to do.

McDonald’s

McDonalds retail outlet resembles a machine in many ways. McDonald’s has many employees that were hired for a certain job position. Without those employees, there would be a missing part to the â€Å"machine†, therefore the business would not operate properly. The employees represent the parts to the machine that do one thing, over and over again. When you go to McDonalds, you place your order with the cashier, then the order is sent to the cooks, and then there is someone there who bags your food. Without any of those people how would McDonalds operate? If an employee calls out sick and doesn’t show up to work, they get someone to replace them. â€Å"Parts† are replaceable. In terms of Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management, each task performed at McDonalds has one best method. It is the manager’s responsibility to find that best method. It is also the manager’s responsibility to hire and train the employee that is using that method. It is the employee’s responsibility to perform the task using that method in order for McDonalds to run properly. In terms of Max Weber's hierarchical structure, McDonalds is a major corporation for which it’s owner has the highest authority and responsibility that everyone below him are doing their job functions correctly in order to maintain a successful business. Then you have regional managers, district managers, store managers, assistant managers/ supervisors, and the employees. In terms of Henri Fayol's administrative principles of McDonalds, there is a chain of command from top to bottom. There are store owners, store managers, assistant managers, and the employees. There are organizational goals that must be met, and it is the responsibility of the managers to make sure that it’s employees are performing those tasks and following the rule that are applied to all. I believe McDonalds has been a successful franchise due to a consistent commitment to standards. McDonalds success thrives on adapting to consumer demands. McDonalds franchise restaurants became well known for the inspired and defining vision created by Kroc for his restaurant business. â€Å"Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value† was the company’s motto, and customers knew that no matter where they travelled, they could rely on those qualities at every McDonalds they visited. Kroc’s brilliant marketing insights produced many winning strategies. He launched â€Å"Hamburger University† in 1961 in Elk Grove, Illinois, to train all franchisees in every aspect of McDonald’s management. Kroc also targeted families as his best market share. This resulted in the debut of the â€Å"Ronald McDonald† clown character on television in 1963. There are many similarities in organization between McDonalds and other successful franchise organizations, such as Burger King, who was founded by James McLamore, and Glen Bell, founder of Taco Bell. These two mean visited McDonalds just after Ray Kroc back in 1954. They all were very impressed with the speedy business operation that served so many people at once. Mechanistic organization of McDonald’s retail outlets is the best method for the franchise with the process of innovation so characteristic of the McDonald’s enterprise because they kept their beliefs and values throughout all these years which has made them very successful to this day.

Violence in TV and society

How the nature and frequency of violence in television programs and movies effects socializing and being socialized. â€Å"Sociology offers a perspective, a view of the world. The sociological perspective opens a window onto unfamiliar worlds†and offers a fresh look at familiar ones (Henslin3). † With socialization being such a huge part of our daily lives, it is important that we get the right socialization. Today much of our youth's socialization skills are being obtained from mass media sources, and in particular social networking and television.A single glance at a children's television show gives you only a slight limpse of the violence portrayed in todays children TV shows. As Americans we are exposed to violence on a daily basis. Just turning on the TV we are bombarded with news of violent acts, and violent TV shows or movies. This has changed violence into a symbol of despair, and a solution to most situations. Thus changing our perspective of symbolic interactio nism, and its relationship to becoming socialized negatively. The symbolism of violence has been altered, desensitizing us to violent acts.Dave Grossman argues that this is something that has long been used in the ilitary to train soldiers to perform their duty, however these same techniques have been used unintentionally on the general population which more drastic effects. Because this desensitization is taking place during childhood rather then in late teens and early twenties, the social constraints that are normally emplace to prevent people from acting out such as norms and sanctions have not been instilled the same way they would be in a 18 or 19 year old. The results have been a drastic increase in violence.Television is by far the medium of mass media socialization. Children watch an average of 3 to 4 hours of television a day (AACAP). It has a huge effect on young children. Children are watching people interact, but are not actually interacting. Time that should be spent o utside interacting with other children has been replaced with televisions, which dramatically reduces children's social sills. Television satisfies social needs to some extent but does not give real life social skills that can be used. Along with decreased social skills, children are becoming socialized the wrong way.The majority of children perceive things on television as real. â€Å"When young children see somebody shot, stabbed, raped, brutalized, degraded, r murdered on TV, to them it is as though it were actually happening. To have a child of three, four, or five watch a â€Å"splatter† movie, learning to relate to a character for the first 90 minutes and then in the last 30 minutes watch helplessly as that new friend is hunted and brutally murdered is the moral and psychological equivalent of introducing your child to a friend, letting her play with that friend, and then butchering that friend in front of your child's eyes.And this happens to our children hundreds upo n hundreds of times. † (Grossman) Is this the way we really want our kids to become socialized? To answer this question we must dig deeper, and discover what it really means to become socialized. As stated by our book, â€Å"Socialization makes us human† When we are born, we do not know what it means to be human. We do not nave any ideas. We do not know now to speak, or now to act . We must learn now to do all these things, and only then, do we develop a self.With socialization being such a huge part of becoming† human† it is essential to get the right kind of socialization, which includes Symbolic interactionism. (Henslin) The symbolic interactionism perspective of sociology views society as a product of everyday social nteractions of individuals. Symbolic interactionists also study how people use symbols to create meaning. In studying violence, these theorists look at how people in everyday situations define violence, which differs between cultures and set tings. (Spark notes) In the US particularly violence has become part of the norm.Most children start out watching kid friendly and educational programs, and around the ages of three or four start watching shows like Tom and Jerry and Loony toons. Although these shows are somewhat kid friendly they still portray violence as acceptable. Violence is portrayed to be comedic. Thus desensitizing kids to violence in an indirect way. As children grow older, parental controls grow loser, allowing children to watch more violent, and adult rated TV shows, and movies. The exposure to violence at such a young age alters values, and norms.Children begin to perceive violence as normal, and as a solution to everything. Children's shows like Ben10, Looney Toons, and Power rangers portray † the good guys† trying to save the word, by taking drastic and most likely violent measures. The â€Å"cool† factor of these shows is actually kids becoming more and more desensitized to violence . Although these shows have not been proven to turn a normal child into a deviant. â€Å"Hundreds of studies of the effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may become â€Å"immune† or numb to the horror of violence.They may gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems, or imitate the violence they observe on television; and identify with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers (Grossman). † Keeping in mind that Socialization is the core of our existence and ability to interact with others, we can gather that excessive violence on TV shows, has huge negative impact on children's socialization skills, and most importantly that it affects the symbolic interactionism that takes place in all stages of socialization.

IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) - Essay Example This will take place in shopping centres as well as on television and radio. This initial advertising is sure to establish 'Larry' as a brand name for the future. Then when the parents realise what a positive impact the 'Larry the fun Koala' books are having on their child the product is sure to be promoted through word of mouth. According to a UK study, parents today are reading to their children 40% less than they did 10 years ago. With the parent-child activity of reading currently on the decline, successful children's book author, Mem Fox who has sold over more than a million copies of her books worldwide, strongly believes that the simple task of reading to a child at only three times a day, could completely eradicate literacy problems in an entire generation. Research has shown that there are many advantages of being read to as a child. The majority predominant being, that a child who has been read to, will most likely at the age of 21 months have the vocabulary of 500 words. So, the concept of creating a series of books centred on the main character, "Larry the Koala", will be implemented. This idea revolves around the importance of reinstating the value of families spending time with their children more effectively, and also the attempt to break into the competitive market of children's books in U.S.A. 2. Product Description The product that we have been allocated to design the advertising campaign for is a children's book called "Larry the fun koala". The product is meant at young children among the ages of two and five years of age. The character of Larry K. was specially intended so he would be found attractive, especially to children of this age. Larry is a small childlike cartoon koala who is growing up. Entertainment devices for the infant books include; the illustrations being bold with brighter colours, rhyming parts of the book, the incorporation of fingerplays into the book, and of course the book being made of a durable cardboard and vinyl cover so that the infant can take the book wherever they choose. 3. TARGET MARKETS The target market for our product "Larry the fun koala" is young children between the ages of two and five. It is based upon the idea argued by "Hind (2003) that is to create a product that provides an opportunity for development and learning through play." Although it must be taken into consideration that most two to five year olds do not make their own investments and product purchases, they can have a large amount of influence over what it is that their parents choose to buy. An Advertising Agency in U.S.A. 4. Advertising Objectives Firstly, our

English Coursework - Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English - Assignment - Coursework Example I look forward for your resolution. I will wait for seven days before I seek assistance from the trading standards. Please you can contact me using the above email or address. Yours sincerely [Name] Accounts assistant CV [Name] [Location] [Address] [Phone number] [Email] Personal statement I am an enthusiastic, ambitious and attentive to details individual who has always enjoyed working with figures. This is because I love solving complex tasks and the challenges brought in attempting to solve them. My bachelor’s degree in Accounting plus the accounting experience I have had in the past has equipped me with the necessary analytical skills to excel in this career Objective Seeking an assistant accountant position where I will utilize and develop my extensive experience Professional skills Possess strong problem solving and analytical skills Excellent verbal and written communication skills More than 5 years experience in management of accounting systems Very trustworthy, ethica l and discrete Ability to perform as per the assignment Educational background Bachelor’s degree in accounting, Oxford University, 1999 – 2003 Diploma in computer science, Dublin computer center Computer literacy Operating systems: Windows Vista, Windows 2006, Windows 2007, Windows XP Office package: Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint Professional experience SIRVA hotels Wales 2004-2006- Assistant Accountant Responsibilities Preparation of cost accounting and monthly closing accounts and statements of profit and loss Reviewing and preparation of budget, expenses, invoices, revenue, payroll entries and other documents in accounting Analyzing and compiling financial data for accounts entry preparations for instance ledger accounts. Instill Services, Boston 2007- to present- Accounting Executive Worked with finance and sales department Maintained the profit and sales book of the company Assisted in distribution of pa yroll Maintained the database of the client Directed generated income to the national board from regional office (Resume 2011) Interest and hobbies I love travelling which not only freshen up my mind but also I get to enjoy new sceneries. Reading because I believe knowledge is power [Your name] [Location] [Address] 8th December, 2011 To Human resources manager Recruiting department Hilton Dublin Hotel Dublin 17 Ireland Subject: Application for a job as an Assistant Accountant I am writing to apply for an assistant accountant position in Hilton Dublin Hotel. I learnt of the vacant position from the job advertisement web page ApplyForJob.aspx on 22nd November, 2011. As my resume reveals both my educational background and my experience, make me eligible for the designation of an account assistant. I have acquired skills in management of accounting systems including preparation and review of budget, invoices, expenses and other accounting practices in my previous organization. I have al so had a chance of working with finance and sales department where I gained immense knowledge in accounting procedures. The five years experiences I have had in my current organization have greatly improved my accuracy skills thereby enabling me to achieve arithmetic excellence in all what I do. Since my current organization has a large number of employees, I have learnt to interact with my fellow colleagues thereby improving my

The trial of Saddam Hussein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The trial of Saddam Hussein - Essay Example According to Michael Sharf, the Saddam Hussein trial can be classed as one of the most important cases in international law because (a) the scale of atrocities was high (b) Hussein was a top ranking leader (c) interest of the international community due to the coalition led against Iraq (d) sets a legal precedent for international crimes and (e) effect of the trial and whether it was perceived as fair.1 While Saddam Hussein was guilty of heinous offences against his countrymen, nevertheless, the question of whether or not his trial was fair and whether any substantive human rights issues were raised is a legitimate one, in the interest of future trend sin international criminal law. The basic premise that underlies human rights law is the fact that they are universal2, and therefore transcend social, cultural and political barriers and differences3. An international crime cannot be left within the exclusive jurisdiction of the national authority that would normally exercise control o ver such instances4 since international crimes may implicate those in positions of power and authority in the local Government. War crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity5, torture and aggression are all included under international crimes and international criminal law is the law that governs such crimes.6 The International criminal Court which came into being in 2002, has jurisdiction over nationals for crimes occurring on the territory of all states that have ratified the Rome Statute.

A Question of Discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Question of Discrimination - Research Paper Example In other words, the equal rights legislation covers the Federal Government’s prevailing concerns in employment as emancipated by the EEOC. This in return should remind every company to abide by this rule. Based on the equal rights legislation and regulation emancipated by the EEOC, questions that at some point would lead to discrimination are strongly prohibited (National Archives, 2012; US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2012). These questions are not just discriminatory at some sort, but would degrade the civil rights as everyone has the freedom to life. Acquiring a job for instance is a form of meeting this life’s basic concern. Discriminatory questions during job interviews would at some point undermine this elemental human right. What Dan and Alex manifested that would make Ruth cringe was a violation to the basic human rights at work that falls under other relevant employment conditions. At some point, their actuation was a significant manifestation of a discriminatory deed, creating a hostile environment for Ruth at work. In this regard, the management should ensure emancipating core values and policies against acts that would create a hostile environment for employment. Up to this moment, Jennifer and Mel should familiarize EEO-related matters. The reason why they could not implement the right procedure against actions that are becoming hostile to employment is due to lack of actual know-how on the EEO-related matters. Even though they might have knowledge of it, they have no confidence in implementing company policies in line with EEO-related matters. The company core values should be set and this should have its basic foundation on EEO. National Archives. (2012). Teaching With Documents: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved from

The new deal and government intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The new deal and government intervention - Essay Example The New Deal was a cycle of economic programs put into operation in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were approved by the U.S. Congress during president Franklin Roosevelt’s first term. The programs were Roosevelt’s reaction to the Great Depression: historians call them â€Å"3Rs†. That is Relief, Recovery, and Reform: Recovery of the economy to standard levels, Relief for the broke and jobless, and Reform of the financial structure to thwart a duplicate depression. The New Deal shaped a political realignment making the Democratic Party the majority, with its foundation in open-minded ideas, large city machines, and the recently authorized labor unions and racial minorities (Leuchtenburg 12-21). Most historians, such as Thomas A. Bailey, make a distinction between the â€Å"First New Deal† and the â€Å"Second New Deal†. A number of programs were announced unconstitutional, and some were revoked during the World War II. The First New Deal dealt with varied parties, from industry and farming to banking and railroads. This set of groups required assistance for economic recovery. The Second New Deal incorporated the Wagner Act to sponsor the Social Security Act, the labor unions, the Work Progress Administration relief program, and new programs to assist lessee farmers and immigrant workers (Johnson 15-20). The Civil Works Administration was produced in 1933 to create jobs for the jobless. Its concern with high paying jobs in the construction field amounted to better expenditure to the federal government than was formerly expected. The Civil Works Administration ended in 1934 due to, in part, resistance to its cost. Federal Housing Administration was a government agency formed to fight the housing predicament of the Great Depression. The huge figure of unwaged workers united with the banking predicament created a scenario according to which banks retracted loans. The

Heat exchanger design project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Heat exchanger design project - Coursework Example The Flowrate of the system is to be designed to be 10,560 kg/hr The design also aims at getting the heat exchanger using hot Ethylene glycol which at the inlet shall be at a temperature of 350 K. At the outlet, the design is to have the hot ethylene at the temperature of 310K. At the same time, the design Pressure at the inlet is to be 2 atm. 2 Background Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers A shell and tube Heat Exchanger works with the principle that a series of parallel tubes run through a shell that is filled with a fluid that takes the heat from the series of parallel tubes. The tubes transfer heat into the fluid primarily through conduction and convection. It is a very effective heat exchange system where the heat is ejected from the pipes with a lot of ease. This mechanism of heat exchange is the most commonly used in industries as opposed to the numerous other mechanisms that are available. The walls of the tubes are key in the transfer of the heat from the parallel tubes to the co olant running in the shell. S & T Heat Exchanger Design Standards The Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger types are typically designed such that they are in such a wide range of shapes and sizes. The sizes usually range from 6 inch all the way to a whopping 40 inch just in their diameter. On the other hand, their usual length normally varies from just a meager 3 feet all the way to a whopping 40 feet over and above the heads of the tube. Also as per the designs of the Heat Exchangers, their usual design pressure which they can accommodate is upto a pressure of 20 Kg for every sq.cm gauge. This is on the tube side walls and shell side walls. The design of the Heat Exchangers follows the fabrication standard of ASME / TEMA unfired vessels pressure codes and ASHRAE requirements standards. The climate of the area under consideration changes seasonally and rivet holes should have a broad tolerance accordance to the four seasons of the world. It has extreme end points whose temperatures go beyond the melting point of water. Under changing environmental temperature conditions, materials tend to expand and contract. In this regard, the heat exchanger system has to be designed in way that considers the expansion and contraction of materials. The system has to be made with more flexible tolerances and fits to allow for the expansion and contraction of the materials (I). The best method for the joining of the parts of the system should be one which allows for the expansion and contraction of materials. In this regard, permanent material joining methods like welding are inappropriate. The use of rivets is recommended. The rivets should be such that they allow the joined materials room to expand and contract relative to one another. To achieve this, the rivets and the rivet holes should be designed with a great tolerance fit. The system should also be designed in a way that permits regular repairs and maintenance. It should not be rigidly enclosed. More or less all systems tend to break down at some point in the course of their work time. This calls for an entry point to check up the internal portions of the system. In this regard, it is in appropriate to design a system which is permanently enclosed within a system. Entry points can be made from several wide ranges of mechanisms. The design incorporates all the conditions at hand so as to have the heat within the system are within the constraints that are bearable for

See attachment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See attachment - Research Paper Example The quintessence of a modern man is presented by the poet while describing the loneliness and the hesitancy of the urban denizen, Prufrock. The apprehensions of a solitary man amidst the modern society are visible in the thoughts of Alfred Prufrock. Alfred intends to express his love but the thoughts of the modern society are so disconcerting for him, so much it prevents him from doing so. â€Å"Do I dare Disturb the universe?† (Eliot, lines 44-45). These words by Prufrock reveal his fears, when he compares his social circle with the universe. For him, disturbing the society with which he is not acquainted well is equal to disquieting the universe. How the society will react to his expression of love? This query is forestalling him from taking a firm decision. Another aspect that is perturbing him is his looks. He is worried by his appearance, according to which the modern society judges a person. â€Å"He becomes self- conscious of his appearance; his baldness and his lean frame.† (Matheikal 122). That is, he is under the impression or opinion that due to baldness and thin hands as well as legs, people wo uld not take him seriously and with attention. â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair—[They will say: "How his hair is growing thin!"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦They will say: "But how his arms and legs are thin!"]†. (Eliot, Lines 39-43)†. Thus, the modern man is more concerned about how the society perceives him physically, rather than his own views. Prufrock also behaves in the manner, expected from him by the society, without bringing out his own views. He is leading his life according to the expectations of the society. In an attempt to please the society, the modern man has become more apprehensive about his outward appearances rather than his true self. Prufrock also envisages himself through the opinion of the society, which is superficial, and in the process suppressing his identity. In the poem, the urban residents are so engrossed

Normalization Employeers Productivity Essay Example for Free

Normalization Employeers Productivity Essay There are several reasons why employers should be careful not to overwork their employers. At the top of that list is securing long term sustainability. Long term sustainability involves mapping out feasible productivity plans that balance workforce output and employee maintenance costs. This means that employers must factor in several other variables aside from net profitability when determining the ideal number of hours that their employees should work. Where having company policies that encourage overtime and consequentially overwork does tend to boost individual employee productivity in the short term, Gunner (2000) showed that the increase was only part of a reverse parabolic trend, where a typical employee would work excessively reaching a productivity peak and then burn out and lose productivity within the next few months. This means that the overall productivity of a particular employee would ultimately be the same or even lower than if the company did not encourage overworking. This is also undesirable because companies also do not generally prefer a very high employee turnover which cripples production continuity and creates a negative image of the company as a temporary stepping stone to greener pastures. The despotic method of overworking employees to get the maximum profitability is not feasible in current corporate climate where it is equally difficult to find good employers as it is to find good employees. Companies should be interested in keeping good employees and this means keeping these employees satisfied with their work and their work atmosphere. Overworking is one of the major causes of stress which in turn is one of the primary causes of employment dissatisfaction (Edwards, 2003). In conclusion, companies should maintain the balance between employee productivity and satisfaction by keeping them from getting overworked. This benefits the company with normalized productivity, prevents workforce burnout, and improves employer profile. Â   References: Edwards, A. (2003). Stress: Causes, Symptoms, Complications. Kennedy Kennedy. Gunner, J. (2000). Employee Productivity Trends in Southern States Based Corporations. Harvard Press.

Science Adventures with Children’s Literature Essay Example for Free

Science Adventures with Children’s Literature Essay The goal of using a double entry journal strategy in a multicultural and diverse skill based student population brings in theory great benefit to all students. The chance to learn form fellow students that have diverse talents may lead to greater motivation for all students and the opportunity to have skills outside of reading and writing to be identified and valued in the classroom is another method to bring a sense of achievement to all students regardless of their literacy ability. The text demonstrates a dynamic system based on student group activities that allow the strengths of some students to be highlighted and to be a benefit to other students in the group while all students are active participants (text, pp 50 – 52). This approach is similar in theory to that discussed in Fredericks (1998 p 43) where teachers used group activities that included the procedure of writing a draft of the report, followed by discussion amongst the group and a final version of the report written by all members of the group. It was thought that this approach allows students of lower literacy to learn from the activities and from their fellow students in a buddy system (Fredericks, 1998 p 52). Another philosophy reviewed by Gambrell et al, 1995 p 119) highlighted the benefit of using a group setting with double entry journal writing to give all students a sense of achievement which can aid in raising their motivation for reading and writing. This paper (text, pp 50 – 51) provides an ideal system which has great relevance to my student teaching experiences in an inner New York City public school, first grade class setting which includes a multicultural student population and great diversity in literacy. The paper (text, p 52) demonstrated the need to manage potential behavioral problems quickly before they have a negative impact. From my experience this is perhaps one of the most difficult things to accomplish. Students frustrated by their lack of success with reading and writing often prove unpredictable in when their disruptive behavior may manifest itself. The use of students’ talents in a diverse way as discussed in the text (p 51) is similar to an experience I had in the classroom where a student who had profound reading difficulty showed a positive response to having her drawing skills praised in front of the rest of the class. The opportunities I have had to observe different classrooms which have applied the practical approach of double entry journal writing have found overall positive results for the students. The chance to revise and edit their writing in a group setting brought a sense of achievement to the highly skilled readers and writers in the group and allowed a non-threatening way in which the students with lower levels of achievement in reading and writing can learn from their fellow students. However, I also observed in an active class setting the disruption and complete failure of a lesson where problem behaviors by two of the students led to the lesson having to be abandoned. In this situation the freedom of the practical small group approach led to two students finding it difficult to stay focused on the task and this led to disruptive behaviors that made continuing with this type of lesson impossible for that teacher. This observation led me to realize that the early intervention of potential problem behaviors is critical to the success of group based activities. References Fredericks, A. D. (1998). Science Adventures with Children’s Literature: A Thematic Approach. Teacher Ideas Press, CT. Gambrell, L. B. , Mazzoni, A. and Almasi, J. F. (1995). Engaging Young Readers: Promoting Achievement and Motivation. Baker, L. , Dreher, M. J. and Guthrie, J. (Eds. ) Gulford Press, N. Y. Textbook Chapter 2: Diversity in the multicultural classroom. Pp 50-52.

Most Appropriate Ethics System For The Accounting Profession Philosophy Essay

Most Appropriate Ethics System For The Accounting Profession Philosophy Essay I am only one, but still I am one; I cannot do everything, but still I can do something; And because I cannot do everything, I will not refuse to do the something that I can do (Brown, 2008, p. 1). The world we live in comes in diverse and multifaceted societies. The United States is considered to have violent societies in the industrialized world. One set of apprehensions has to do with crime and destructive behavior rioting, shooting or mugging. However, concerns for the moral improvement of professionals deal with different issues. Professionals, by virtue of having made it through years of schooling and supervised work, usually have average impulse control, self-discipline, self-regulation abilities, ego strength, and social skills (Rest Narvaez, 1994). The United States has a long tradition of creation of wealth through stakeholders. For more than a decade, however, the public has shown a rising sensitivity to unethical behavior due to the pursuit of power and money. Public trust in the services offered by professional accountants has declined in recent years due to occurrences of unethical behavior in the profession (Spiceland, Sepe, and Tomassini, 2004). The unethical behavior of managers is an issue that is likely to stay in the public eye for quite some time. A 1987 popular movie portrayed the dishonest dealings of people involved in securities trading based on nonpublic information. The primary character was portrayed by actor Michael Douglas, who, in a dramatic scene says, Greed is good! The connotation is that greed is an acceptable motivation and that people in business will do anything to make money, which includes engagement to unethical behavior. Accountants have significant role in the public eye. In performing their task they are asked to take certain roles. They accept at the same time the resulting obligations and moral responsibilities by accepting certain roles. Accountants can be found performing daily tasks in situations governed by a complex set of rules, principles, and practices (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). In performing their roles, accountants face formal or legal rules of behavior, but also moral elements created by specific situations. According to Theodore Roosevelt, To educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society. The societies are governed with values by which people live. The system of values is referred to as philosophy. The principles and rules people use to decide what is right or wrong are referred to as moral philosophy. Ethics is the study that is concerned with the nature of ultimate value, and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong (Rainbow, 2002). Society has higher expectations ethically of professionals and, as a consequence, the law holds them to a higher standard of due care. One of the characteristics that differentiate a profession from an occupation is the code of ethics that guides the profession. It is true that ethical standards cannot be codified to cover every situation. However, if professionals desire to strive for the higher levels of ethical behavior, there needs to be a more effective understanding and application of clear and uniform standards of right and wrong. Various accounting organizations promote high standards of ethical behavior. One of which is the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), which is a professional organization that serves certified public accountants who work for public accounting firms or other organizations. The code of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) emphasizes the obligations of the certified public accountants to serve the public interest, and their responsibility to act with integrity, objectivity, independence and in professional care. Specific responsibilities of the accounting profession are expressed in the various codes of ethics promulgated. According to Zucker (1986), the basis upon which the accounting profession was founded and continues to exist is public trust, which is the degree to which the public has confidence in the services provided by the accounting profession. There are various categories of ethical perspectives or models of ethical thinking that are applicable to accounting. Two well-known frameworks of ethical system theories are utilitarian and the deontological. Accountants can best understand these ethical views by comparing and contrasting the fundamental moral principles of each ethical theory, and determining which ethics system is most appropriate for the accounting profession. Utilitarian Ethics Utilitarianism is an ethical system that is most often attributed to philosophers such as John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is the ethical principle that considers an action to be morally right or wrong based solely on the consequences that result from performing it. The right action is the one that brings the best consequences or the greatest amount of utility. It advocated the rule and goal of the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Maximizing the happiness within the society is believed to be the most ethical thing to do. It is thus frequently considered as consequentialism since it believes that outcomes can be predicted and because it judges actions based on their outcomes. John Stuart Mill says: Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principles, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Happiness is intended to be pleasure, the absence of pain, and the privation of pleasure. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory of conduct where, under any given circumstances, an action is objectively right, if it will generally produce the greatest amount of happiness, taking into account all whose happiness is affected by the conduct. Under this system, the merits of an action are evaluated by considering the total benefits and the total cost created by the action for human society (Darwall, 2003). The rules ensure the greatest good for the most people and speed-up the decision-making process. The rules do not guarantee a positive outcome all the time, but generally following the rules generates positive outcomes. One of the major problems of utilitarianism is the ambiguity of the statement, The greatest good for the greatest number of people. For example, there are ten units of pleasures to be distributed to ten people. The easiest way to give them out is giving each a unit of pleasure. But suppose four people passionately love the units of pleasure and the other six do not care about the units of pleasure. Then would it make sense if two units of pleasure will be given to the four people who passionately love them, and none to the five or six people who do not care? So the problem of fairness is present, as well as the problem of how things should be distributed. Ultimately, when goods are maximize, some people get much and the others get a few or nothing at all. For example, an accountant takes a companys money for a few days and deposits it in his own account before putting it in the account of the company, thereby personally gaining the interest on the businesss money. It might be in his best interest, but in the best interest of the greater number of people. It is an unethical action since it will clearly harm more people more that it will help; the action is unjustified since it can harm others. Another example is the act of bribery, which is generally wrong. Bribery could be considered a general guideline by the utilitarian ethical system. If paying a bribe generated a contract which would keep a firm in business and people gainfully employed, a utilitarian may conclude that bribery is justified. The utilitarianism recognizes this subjection, and assumes it for the foundation of that system, the object of which is to rear the fabric of felicity by the hands of reason and of law. Ethical systems which attempt to question this way of livi ng, deal in sounds instead of sense, on impulse instead of reason, in darkness instead of light (Alexander, 2007, p. 1). Furthermore, in utilitarianism, the decision of which things should be counted as good is also dilemma. The system assumes that what people prefer is what is good, thus the good can only be judged by demand. Utilitarianism asserts that one should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone (Tsalikis and Fritzsche, 1989). An act will be considered ethical if it produces a greater balance of good over evil in any given situation; the question then lies with whose good is trying to be promoted. Therefore, some will argue that this system supports egoism, because most likely a person will promote the good of the individual. The ultimate goal, though, was not the happiness of the individual, but the happiness of society (Rossouw, 1998). Deontological Ethics Deontological ethics is the ethics of duty and obligations. One of the most significant insinuations of deontology is that a behavior of the person can be wrong even if it results in the best possible outcome, and an act can be considered righteous even if it results in a negative outcome. According to Reindenbach, Robin, and Dawson (1991), deontologists have a duty to satisfy legitimate claims. These claims are determined by applying logic to an ethical principle, bearing in mind that one owes many diverse duties to others. Deontology is referred to as non-consequentialism, ethical formalism, or ethics of respect-for-persons (Ferrell Fraedrich, 1997). The deontology principle states that decisions should be judged on the circumstances in which they are made, rather than by their consequences. It means, specifically, ethics based on duty in spite of consequences. There are many variations of deontology. The most significant attempt to construct a deontological approach to ethics is found in Immanuel Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He begins this work by observing that only a good will is unconditionally good. For Kant, it is impossible to conceive anything in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except a good will. So what about intellectual qualities such as intelligence or good judgment or qualities of character, such as perseverance or courage? Kants answer has no basis for these good qualifications. Although such qualities are considered good in many situations, they can also be used for evil purposes as well. Deontologists hold that some choices cannot be justified by their effects; no matter how morally good their consequences, some choices are morally prohibited. On deontological accounts of ethics, one cannot make certain wrongful choices, even if by doing so the number of wrongful choices will be minimized-others will be prevented from engaging in similar wrongful choices. Deontologists believe that what makes a choice right is its conformity with a moral norm. Such norms are to be simply obeyed by each moral agent; such norm-keepings are not to be maximized by each agent. In this sense, for deontologists, the right has priority over the good. If an act is not in accord with the right, it may not be undertaken, no matter the good that it might produce-this includes even a good consisting of acts in accordance with the right. Correct decisions include all choices where the voluntary actions of any one person can be harmonized in reality with the voluntary actions of every other person (Kant, 1965, p. 1). Kant explains that this idea is according to the universal law of freedom. The formality of this approach may be considered a weakness, but it is, in fact, strength; it permits for considering all possible conditions. Furthermore, it is transformation into positive law is the core of the art of legislation. Ultimately, deontology promotes a duty of making the best moral decision. Kant gives several formulas to help decide what makes-up this duty. For Kant, all practical judgments are imperatives. The qualified ones are referred to as the hypothetical imperatives and the unqualified oaths are referred to as categorical imperatives. What determines the goodness or badness is whether the decisions accomplish the goal. For example, a person is situated in the fourth floor of the building and desires to go to the cafeteria that is situated in the next building. So what can he do now? One choice is to could jump out of the window. Of course he or she could probably break a leg; such action would be imprudent. So the prudent thing to do is to take an elevator down or walk down the stairs in order to transfer to the next building to the cafeteria. The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. This means that a person will follow his obligations to another individual or society because upholding his duty is what is considered ethically correct. For instance, a deontologist will, all the time, keep his promises to a friend, as well as follow the law. A person who follows this theory will produce very sound decisions that are consistent, since they will be based on the individuals set duties (Rainbow, 2002). AICPA Code of Ethics The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct consists of two main parts: Principles and Rules. The Principles provide the framework for the rules. The Rules provide specific guidance in the performance of professional services of AICPA members. The Principles are set out in six Articles and a Preamble. The Preamble articulates the role that the Principles play. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Guide members in the performance of their professional responsibilities and express the basic tenets of ethical and professional conduct. The Principles call for an unswerving commitment to honorable behavior, even at the sacrifice of personal advantage (AICPA, 2008, Preamble). Article I consist of the responsibilities of the AICPA member. It admonishes members as a group to carry out special responsibility of self governance. Article II states that the accounting profession has a duty to serve the publics interest. The public to be served consists of clients, credit grantors, governments, employers, investors, the business and financial community, and others who rely on the objectivity and integrity of certified public accountants to maintain the orderly functioning of commerce. Since the public relies on accountants, the accountant has a reciprocal obligation to be dedicated to professional excellence. Article III calls for an accountant to act with integrity. This requires the accountant to be completely honest and without deception. The honesty exhibited by a person acting with integrity can never compromise that obligation of client confidentiality. However, personal gain can never be put ahead of public interest. Persons acting with integrity will nev er be deceitful. Article II measures integrity in terms of what is right and just. Article IV specifically addresses the two traits of objectivity and independence-the hallmark of an accountant. Objectivity requires a freedom from conflicts of interest, honesty and impartiality. Independence requires freedom that may compromise objectivity. Article V sets out the standards for the services rendered as due care. Each person is expected to evaluate his or her own competence and to obtain the advice of others when necessary. Diligence means that the person will be prompt, thorough, careful and timely. Appropriate planning and supervision will be done by one who is diligent. Finally, Article VI states that each person will consider all the ethical principles when deciding to accept or reject a request for services. Last, the second section of the Code of Professional Conduct consists of a series of rules related to each of the above stated principles. The rules are very specific in thei r application. Rules are thought of as should nots. Conclusion The Code of Professional Conduct sets the standards and rules for professional accountants, regarding their moral and professional obligations toward one another, their clients, and society as a whole. Accountants must obey this code. Having canvassed the two main frameworks of ethical systems, it is not difficult to assess which of the two ethical systems is generally best for the accounting profession. On one hand, the utilitarian perspective about ethics claims that humans are supposed to take those actions that lead to the greatest balance of good consequences versus bad consequences. The utilitarian ethical system is plagued by an indirect and direct paradox. Indirectly, why follow the rules when not doing so produces better consequences? This, however, directly collapses into: do not follow the rules whenever better consequences can thereby be produced. Utilitarians will depart from the rules mistakenly, believing better consequences will result. On the other hand, the deontological perspective is about categorical imperative, moral obligation and duty. It leaves space for agents to give special concern to their friends, families and projects. It places a cap on that dutys demands. Deontological morality, therefore, avoids the overly demanding and alienating aspects of utilitarianism and accords more with conventional notions of our moral duties. The acts for a deontological system are not morally wrong. Furthermore, deontological system can account for strong, cross-cultural moral intuitions better than utilitarian system. With a comprehensive set of rules, the AICPA yearns is for its members to follow them. Almost everyone believes that the law or rules has a very important function morally. Not all accounting decisions will turnout the best results, but working towards a good decision with a good result should be goal of all accountants, as well as all people. Thus, deontological ethics is the best choice for the accounting professions, and matches-up with the AICPAs code of conduct.

Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandmother I'd like to talk today about my grandmother, Ruth Smith - about who she was, what she meant to us, and what this day means. Grandma was a homemaker and a lifelong resident of Marshall. This might seem like a constrained life to some, but I don't think Grandma would have agreed, and I'd like to explain why. She was a person with great curiosity - she read all the time, she worked crossword puzzles every day, and she loved watching documentaries on television. In fact, she was working crossword puzzles right on up until the last month before she died, when she finally grew too ill to continue. Her curiosity also greatly affected me - when my brother Gus and I were little, we used to play a card game called 'Authors,' and from playing that game so much with her, I knew at a very young age who Mark Twain and Shakespeare and Nathaniel Hawthorne and many others were. The way she said these authors' names stirred in me a great desire to read them, and now, later in life, when I have read those authors, and taught them, I can sincerely thank Grandma for first creating that desire in me. I can also thank Grandma for inspiring a love of animals in my mother and in myself. Grandma always had a cat around her house that she cared for. She loved watching animal shows on television, especially if they involved cats. In fact, she considered herself a cat person, until she met my dog Alex. I say 'my dog,' but he's really my Mom's dog now, and for a lot of the time, when my Mom was traveling on business, it was my Grandma's dog too. We knew that both Grandma and Grandpa really like Alex when they let him sleep on the chest at the foot of their bed - now THAT was a big deal! She loved Alex, and she loved Libby, my replacement dog that I got once Mom had stolen Alex from me. Nothing tickled Grandma more than watching Libby tear up and down the floor, running back and forth like puppies like to do. Mom told me that she mentioned Alex and Libby to Grandma just a few hours before she died, and that she smiled when she heard their names. She also traveled widely - Grandpa always said that there was plenty here in Missouri to occupy someone, but Grandma felt a bit differently.

Social, Political and Economic Effects of WWI :: World War I History

Social, Political and Economic Effects of WWI "Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking." Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war governments were transformed to fight total war. The war metamorphed Europe socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy. European countries channeled all of their resources into total war which resulted in enormous social change. The result of working together for a common goal seemed to be unifying European societies. Death knocked down all barriers between people. All belligerents had enacted some form of a selective service which levelled classes in many ways. Wartime scarcities made luxury an impossibility and unfavorable. Reflecting this, clothing became uniform and utilitarian. Europeans would never again dress in fancy, elaborate costumes. Uniforms led the way in clothing change. The bright blue-and-red prewar French infantry uniforms had been changed after the first few months of the war, since they made whoever wore them into excellent targets for machine guns. Women's skirts rose above the ankle permanently and women became more of a part of society than ever. They undertook a variety of jobs previously held by men. They were now a part of clerical, secretarial work, and te! aching. They were also more widely employed in industrial jobs. By 1918, 37.6 percent of the work force in the Krupp armaments firm in Germany was female. In England the proportion of women works rose strikingly in public transport (for example, from 18,000 to 117,000 bus conductors), banking (9,500 to 63,700), and commerce (505,000 to 934,000). Many restrictions on women disappeared during the war. It became acceptable for young, employed, single middle-class women to have their own apartments, to go out without chaperones, and to smoke in public. It was only a matter of time before women received the right to vote in many belligerent countries. Strong forces were shaping the power and legal status of labor unions, too. The right of workers to organize was relatively new, about half a century. Employers fought to keep union organizers out of their plants and armed force was often used against striking workers. The universal rallying of workers towards their flag at the beginning of the war led to w ider acceptance of unions.

The Internet Wont Put an End to the Diversity of Style in Composition

The Internet Won't Put an End to the Diversity of Style in Composition From 1982, when the term â€Å"Internet† was first used, until today, over 520 million users have gained access to the Internet.[1] This gigantic leap in Internet usage suggests that in the coming years, even more people will be able to view material online. As more people continue to gain access, others will want to post their creations online with a greater frequency, allowing a wider range of viewers to see their work. Will this increase in compositions being made available on the Internet, however, lead to homogeneity of style? This is not at all the case. Assuming that diversity of style existed before the rise of the Internet, even as Internet usage continues to grow, the diversity of style in composition will continue to exist. To begin with, what is style, and what are compositions? Webster’s Dictionary defines style as â€Å"manner of expression in language; characteristic manner of expression, design, etc. in any art, period, etc.†[2] To make things easier, this paper will simply say that style is the particular way that one expresses oneself. Compositions are creations, especially those of literary, musical, or artistic works. The last two terms are important to remember, as many of those claiming that diversity of style is ending pay attention only to compositions created on instant messengers and chat rooms, devices which are text-based.[3] For now, however, a concentration will be made upon a claim of homogeneity brought upon by the dominance of American culture. Jonathan Rick asserts that â€Å"American culture has infiltrated even the most remote areas of the world.†[4] This contention cannot be denied. American cultural icons such as M... ...Rick, 1. [5] http://www.amnh.org/ and http://www.louvre.fr/index.html, respectively [6] Dibble, 4 [7] 544.2 million people [8] ComputerScope Ltd. Bibliography American Museum of Natural History. http://www.amnh.org/. Dibble, Chris. â€Å"Does the Internet entail an end to the cultural and historical diversity of style in composition?† 22 April 2002. http://www.duke.edu/~cfd3/essays/style.htm. The Louvre Museum. http://www.louvre.fr/index.html. Nua Internet How Many Online. February 2002. ComputerScope Ltd. http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/ Rick, Jonathan. â€Å"Does the Internet entail an end to the cultural and historical diversity of style in composition?† 27 March 2002. http://www.duke.edu/~jhr4/writing20/essays/essay2.pdf. â€Å"Style.† Webster’s New World Compact School and Office Dictionary. 3rd College Edition, 1994.

Case Study of Mc Golden Arch Essay

Executive Summary This case study was about the Madison Hotel project in Memphis. After determining the case, there were lots of problems occurred during the processes which are over budgeting and delay opening because of the unplanned acquisition of facilities. The problems are occurred because the owner of project changed the concept of the restaurant, the land price was raised, the name of the building was belonging to the previous owner, refusing the loan from the back, and inaccurate and insufficient construction. After the root causes of the problems are discovered, there are many ways to solve and prevent the problem. There are three main ways to solve them. The first way is to improve the construction contract. The owner should invest the background of the construction company before signing the contract. Also, make a clear cut-contract to ensure that the constructors will finish the project on time. In case there is any fee from defaults or failures, the constructors have to respond for them. The second way is to consider the risk that involve with this project. The management team should be able to respond the unexpected risks that may occur immediately and they should have a second plan for more alternatives as well as reducing the period of working time. The last way is about planning process. The owner should have a plan which is covered all the part of the project and all responsibility of the project member for avoiding any complexity to prevent any pushing the responsibility off duties to other players. The more important of the project, the more efficient of the plan should be considered. If the plan is achieved, the hotel will be opened on time and the project owner will not have to pay for unnecessary processes. Also, the Madison Hotel will be the best boutique hotel in Memphis according to its fully service and facilities, and for special events, the hotel will have high occupancy rate from fully booking. On the other hand, if the plan is failed, the hotel will face with the same problems which are delay opening, over budgeting, complicated business plan, and failure to achieve the goal. The description of the case 1.1 Background of the case This case study focused on the creation of a 110-unit luxury boutique hotel in Memphis, Tennessee by four developers and the lessons they had learned during this complicated project. The individuals who identified in this project are – Walter Broadfoot: a veteran hotel owner and broker from Memphis – Tony Klok and Gene Kornota: they funded the majority of the equity for the project – Mohamad Hakimian: The long time general manager of Memphis’s most famous hotel who became involved in the project as a managing partner to shaping the renovation and character of the hotel Walter Broadfoot first eyed the Tennessee Trust Building as a possible hotel in Memphis because it was an ideal structure to convert to a hotel that is to say it already had a window and an identical floor plan from floors three though sixteen, a large ground floor lobby, a second-level mezzanine, a lower or basement level and the potential for a rooftop deck that would command a breathtaking view of the mighty Mississippi. But the Memphis lodging market had enough depth and there were a lot of complexities and extent of challenges faced him at the certain period of the time. Therefore, the project was abandoned right away at that time. The building was cost $250,000 and was selling by CNA Company, but CNA didn’t hold any legal right to it because it was in the name of previous owner. After the developer bought this building from CNA Company, they had to pay for this unplanned process which cost about $100,000 and took several months to be done. He encountered the owners who were either unwilling to sell or wanted to make a quick buck in order to make space for hotel’s food, beverage and banquet facilities. After many months of planning and meetings, the developers faced another exceedingly budgeting problem. By the time, the hotel was swelled to approximately $15 million which is 50 percent more than the estimated total project cost ($9.7 million). The developers site several major factors that drove up the original budget which are -the enhancement of the initial food and beverage concept: from limited in scope to full-service/upscale grill and bar – Inaccurate and insufficient construction cost budgets: by an unqualified general contractor – The expense for ensuring construction interest that they (new contractor) will be continued well beyond the time frame According to over budgeting, the entrepreneurs need to loan from the local bank but the local bank realized that this project hold too much risks, consequently, there weren’t any local banks interested in providing permanent financing for the project. Tony and Gene have to loan from the bank of Chicago base on banking relationship. The loan was about 50% of the project cost and the bank will continue to hold the title of the building as additional secured collateral. The business entity that was formed to own the hotel was a Tennessee limited liability corporation. Equity share is defined as the actual cash equity contributed by each partner while financial share represents the structure of the profit distributions after receives a return on their original cash equity. Equity shareFinancial share Investor#145%35% Investor#245%35% Investor#35%15% Investor#45%15% 1.2 The purpose of the case The purpose of this study was to understand the complexities involved in this project. Also, to create a new plan in order to prevent any unexpected situations or unfavorable conditions that may occur during the processes. To learn the previous obstructions and the lessons that already occurred to prevent current risks and problems that may exist as well as to think ahead and preclude complicated problems in the future. For improving and developing this boutique hotel to become the best European style boutique hotel in the Memphis, hopefully, in the Tennessee likewise. 1.3 The scope of the case This case study looks into the Madison hotel renovation which is located at Tennessee, United state by four entrepreneurs. It is all about the business planning process which is about how to start a hotel business starting from buying the properties along with finding the source of investment funds not including sale and marketing analysis, competitor analysis, or other irrelevant aspects. 1.4 The limitation of the case The case study involved with the financial incentives and tax free exchange provisions which were beyond our basic knowledge. Hence, this case study analysis will not refer to any financial topic which has no effect to analysis process.

Part Four Chapter IV

IV The post about Parminder on the council website had driven Colin Wall's fears to a nightmarish new level. He could only guess how the Mollisons were getting their information, but if they knew that about Parminder †¦ ‘For God's sake, Colin!' Tessa had said. ‘It's just malicious gossip! There's nothing in it!' But Colin did not dare believe her. He was constitutionally prone to believing that others too lived with secrets that drove them half-demented. He could not even take comfort in knowing that he had spent most of his adult life in dread of calamities that had not materialized, because, by the law of averages, one of them was bound to come true one day. He was thinking about his imminent exposure, as he thought about it constantly, while walking back from the butcher's at half-past two, and it was not until the hubbub from the new cafe caught his startled attention that he realized where he was. He would have crossed to the other side of the Square if he had not been already level with the Copper Kettle's windows; mere proximity to any Mollison frightened him now. Then he saw something through the glass that made him do a double-take. When he entered their kitchen ten minutes later, Tessa was on the telephone to her sister. Colin deposited the leg of lamb in the fridge and marched upstairs, all the way to Fats' loft conversion. Flinging open the door, he saw, as he had expected, a deserted room. He could not remember the last time he had been in here. The floor was covered in dirty clothes. There was an odd smell, even though Fats had left the skylight propped open. Colin noticed a large matchbox on Fats' desk. He slid it open, and saw a mass of twisted cardboard stubs. A packet of Rizlas lay brazenly on the desk beside the computer. Colin's heart seemed to have toppled down out of his chest to thump against his guts. ‘Colin?' came Tessa's voice, from the landing below. ‘Where are you?' ‘Up here!' he roared. She appeared at Fats' door looking frightened and anxious. Wordlessly, he picked up the matchbox and showed her the contents. ‘Oh,' said Tessa weakly. ‘He said he was going out with Andrew Price today,' said Colin. Tessa was frightened by the muscle working in Colin's jaw, an angry little bump moving from side to side. ‘I've just been past that new cafe in the Square, and Andrew Price is working in there, mopping tables. So where's Stuart?' For weeks, Tessa had been pretending to believe Fats whenever he said that he was going out with Andrew. For days she had been telling herself that Sukhvinder must be mistaken in thinking that Fats was going out (would condescend, ever, to go out) with Krystal Weedon. ‘I don't know,' she said. ‘Come down and have a cup of tea. I'll ring him.' ‘I think I'll wait here,' said Colin, and he sat down on Fats' unmade bed. ‘Come on, Colin – come downstairs,' said Tessa. She was scared of leaving him here. She did not know what he might find in the drawers or in Fats' school bag. She did not want him to look on the computer or under the bed. Refusing to probe dark corners had become her sole modus operandi. ‘Come downstairs, Col,' she urged him. ‘No,' said Colin, and he crossed his arms like a mutinous child, but with that muscle working in his jaw. ‘Drugs in his bin. The son of the deputy headmaster.' Tessa, who had sat down on Fats' computer chair, felt a familiar thrill of anger. She knew that self-preoccupation was an inevitable consequence of his illness, but sometimes †¦ ‘Plenty of teenagers experiment,' she said. ‘Still defending him, are you? Doesn't it ever occur to you that it's your constant excuses for him that make him think he can get away with blue murder?' She was trying to keep a curb on her temper, because she must be a buffer between them. ‘I'm sorry, Colin, but you and your job aren't the be all and end – ‘ ‘I see – so if I get the sack – ‘ ‘Why on earth would you get the sack?' ‘For God's sake!' shouted Colin, outraged. ‘It all reflects on me – it's already bad enough – he's already one of the biggest problem students in the – ‘ ‘That's not true!' shouted Tessa. ‘Nobody but you thinks Stuart's anything other than a normal teenager. He's not Dane Tully!' ‘He's going the same way as Tully – drugs in his bin – ‘ ‘I told you we should have sent him to Paxton High! I knew you'd make everything he did all about you, if he went to Winterdown! Is it any wonder he rebels, when his every movement is supposed to be a credit to you? I never wanted him to go to your school!' ‘And I,' bellowed Colin, jumping to his feet, ‘never bloody wanted him at all!' ‘Don't say that!' gasped Tessa. ‘I know you're angry – but don't say that!' The front door slammed two floors below them. Tessa looked around, frightened, as though Fats might materialize instantly beside them. It wasn't merely the noise that had made her start. Stuart never slammed the front door; he usually slipped in and out like a shape-shifter. His familiar tread on the stairs; did he know, or suspect they were in his room? Colin was waiting, with his fists clenched by his sides. Tessa heard the creak of the halfway step, and then Fats stood before them. She was sure he had arranged his expression in advance: a mixture of boredom and disdain. ‘Afternoon,' he said, looking from his mother to his rigid, tense father. He had all the self-possession that Colin had never had. ‘This is a surprise.' Desperate, Tessa tried to show him the way. ‘Dad was worried about where you are,' she said, with a plea in her voice. ‘You said you were going to be with Arf today, but Dad saw – ‘ ‘Yeah, change of plan,' said Fats. He glanced towards the place where the matchbox had been. ‘So, do you want to tell us where you've been?' asked Colin. There were white patches around his mouth. ‘Yeah, if you like,' said Fats, and he waited. ‘Stu,' said Tessa, half whisper, half groan. ‘I've been out with Krystal Weedon,' said Fats. Oh God, no, thought Tessa. No, no, no †¦ ‘You've what?' said Colin, so taken aback that he forgot to sound aggressive. ‘I've been out with Krystal Weedon,' Fats repeated, a little more loudly. ‘And since when,' said Colin, after an infinitesimal pause, ‘has she been a friend of yours?' ‘A while,' said Fats. Tessa could see Colin struggling to formulate a question too grotesque to utter. ‘You should have told us, Stu,' she said. ‘Told you what?' he said. She was frightened that he was going to push the argument to a dangerous place. ‘Where you were going,' she said, standing up and trying to look matter of fact. ‘Next time, call us.' She looked towards Colin in the hope that he might follow her lead and move towards the door. He remained fixed in the middle of the room, staring at Fats in horror. ‘Are you †¦ involved with Krystal Weedon?' Colin asked. They faced each other, Colin taller by a few inches, but Fats holding all the power. ‘†Involved†?' Fats repeated. ‘What d'you mean, â€Å"involved†?' ‘You know what I mean!' said Colin, his face growing red. ‘D'you mean, am I shagging her?' asked Fats. Tessa's little cry of ‘Stu!' was drowned by Colin shouting, ‘How bloody dare you!' Fats merely looked at Colin, smirking. Everything about him was a taunt and a challenge. ‘What?' said Fats. ‘Are you -‘ Colin was struggling to find the words, growing redder all the time, ‘- are you sleeping with Krystal Weedon?' ‘It wouldn't be a problem if I was, would it?' Fats asked, and he glanced at his mother as he said it. ‘You're all for helping Krystal, aren't you?' ‘Helping – ‘ ‘Aren't you trying to keep that addiction clinic open so you can help Krystal's family?' ‘What's that got to do – ?' ‘I can't see what the problem is with me going out with her.' ‘And are you going out with her?' asked Tessa sharply. If Fats wanted to take the row into this territory, she would meet him there. ‘Do you actually go anywhere with her, Stuart?' His smirk sickened her. He was not prepared even to pretend to some decency. ‘Well, we don't do it in either of our houses, do – ‘ Colin had raised one of his stiff, clench-fisted arms and swung it. He connected with Fats' cheek, and Fats, whose attention had been on his mother, was caught off guard; he staggered sideways, hit the desk and slid, momentarily, to the floor. A moment later he had jumped to his feet again, but Tessa had already placed herself between the pair of them, facing her son. Behind her, Colin was repeating, ‘You little bastard. You little bastard.' ‘Yeah?' said Fats, and he was no longer smirking. ‘I'd rather be a little bastard than be you, you arsehole!' ‘No!' shouted Tessa. ‘Colin, get out. Get out!' Horrified, furious and shaken, Colin lingered for a moment, then marched from the room; they heard him stumble a little on the stairs. ‘How could you?' Tessa whispered to her son. ‘How could I fucking what?' said Stuart, and the look on his face alarmed her so much that she hurried to close and bar the bedroom door. ‘You're taking advantage of that girl, Stuart, and you know it, and the way you just spoke to your – ‘ ‘The fuck I am,' said Fats, pacing up and down, every semblance of cool gone. ‘The fuck I'm taking advantage of her. She knows exactly what she wants – just because she lives in the fucking Fields, it doesn't – the truth is, you and Cubby don't want me to shag her because you think she's beneath – ‘ ‘That's not true!' said Tessa, even though it was, and for all her concern about Krystal, she would still have been glad to know that Fats had sense enough to wear a condom. ‘You're fucking hypocrites, you and Cubby,' he said, still pacing the length of the bedroom. ‘All the bollocks the pair of you spout about wanting to help the Weedons, but you don't want – ‘ ‘That's enough!' shouted Tessa. ‘Don't you dare speak to me like that! Don't you realise – don't you understand – are you so damn selfish †¦?' Words failed her. She turned, tugged open his door and was gone, slamming it behind her. Her exit had an odd effect on Fats, who stopped pacing and stared at the closed door for several seconds. Then he searched his pockets, drew out a cigarette and lit it, not bothering to blow the smoke out of the skylight. Round and round his room he walked, and he had no control of his own thoughts: jerky, unedited images filled his brain, sweeping past on a tide of fury. He remembered the Friday evening, nearly a year previously, when Tessa had come up here to his bedroom to tell him that his father wanted to take him out to play football with Barry and his sons next day. (‘What?' Fats had been staggered. The suggestion was unprecedented. ‘For fun. A kick-around,' Tessa had said, avoiding Fats' glare by scowling down at the clothes littering the floor. ‘Why?' ‘Because Dad thought it might be nice,' said Tessa, bending to pick up a school shirt. ‘Declan wants a practice, or something. He's got a match.' Fats was quite good at football. People found it surprising; they expected him to dislike sport, to disdain teams. He played as he talked, skilfully, with many a feint, fooling the clumsy, daring to take chances, unconcerned if they did not come off. ‘I didn't even know he could play.' ‘Dad can play very well, he was playing twice a week when we met,' said Tessa, riled. ‘Ten o'clock tomorrow morning, all right? I'll wash your tracksuit bottoms.') Fats sucked on his cigarette, remembering against his will. Why had he gone along with it? Today, he would have simply refused to participate in Cubby's little charade, but remained in bed until the shouting died away. A year ago he had not yet understood about authenticity. (Instead he had left the house with Cubby and endured a silent five-minute walk, each equally aware of the enormous shortfall that filled all the space between them. The playing field belonged to St Thomas's. It had been sunny and deserted. They had divided into two teams of three, because Declan had a friend staying for the weekend. The friend, who clearly hero-worshipped Fats, had joined Fats and Cubby's team. Fats and Cubby passed to each other in silence, while Barry, easily the worst player, had yelled, cajoled and cheered in his Yarvil accent as he tore up and down the pitch they had marked out with sweatshirts. When Fergus scored, Barry had run at him for a flying chest bump, mistimed it and smashed Fergus on the jaw with the top of his head. The two of them had fallen to the ground, Fergus groaning in pain and laughing, while Barry sat apologizing through his roars of mirth. Fats had found himself grinning, then heard Cubby's awkward, booming laugh and turned away, scowling. And then had come that moment, that cringeworthy, pitiful moment, with the scores equal and nearly time to go, when Fats had successfully wrested the ball from Fergus, and Cubby had shouted, ‘Come on, Stu, lad!' ‘Lad.' Cubby had never said ‘lad' in his life. It sounded pitiful, hollow and unnatural. He was trying to be like Barry; imitating Barry's easy, unself-conscious encouragement of his sons; trying to impress Barry. The ball had flown like a cannon ball from Fats' foot and there was time, before it hit Cubby full in his unsuspecting, foolish face, before his glasses cracked, and a single drop of blood bloomed beneath his eye, to realize his own intent; to know that he had hoped to hit Cubby, and that the ball had been dispatched for retribution.) They had never played football again. The doomed little experiment in father-son togetherness had been shelved, like a dozen before it. And I never wanted him at all! He was sure he had heard it. Cubby must have been talking about him. They had been in his room. Who else could Cubby have been talking about? Like I give a shit, thought Fats. It was what he'd always suspected. He did not know why this sensation of spreading cold had filled his chest. Fats pulled the computer chair back into position, from the place where it had been knocked when Cubby had hit him. The authentic reaction would have been to shove his mother out of the way and punch Cubby in the face. Crack his glasses again. Make him bleed. Fats was disgusted with himself that he had not done it. But there were other ways. He had overheard things for years. He knew much more about his father's ludicrous fears than they thought. Fats' fingers were clumsier than usual. Ash spilt onto the keyboard from the cigarette in his mouth as he brought up the Parish Council website. Weeks previously, he had looked up SQL injections and found the line of code that Andrew had refused to share. After studying the council message board for a few minutes, he logged himself in, without difficulty, as Betty Rossiter, changed her username to The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother, and began to type.

Democracy Essay

Professional politicians, if by nothing else than by a simple Darwinian processes, are very good at perceiving such things, and give the people exactly want: age government deficits. For example, in every present and past democracy, the people always claim that they want politicians who will not accept bribes, when in fact this is the farthest thing from the truth.What the people really want, as they repeatedly demonstrate from the voting, is politicians who will spending huge amounts of money on multi-media campaigns to win votes, who will spend massive amounts of time coming to their towns to speak to the local rotary club or school (for a fee), and who will spend massive amounts of time influencing legislation to win government contracts for local businesses. There are, of course, many other robbers with democracy. In all known democracies, the media flourishes.Science has not yet found a solution to this problem. In a democracy, you will Incessantly be subjected to hearing the Id eas, speculation, and bizarre prognostications of everyone around you. The media multiplies this problem a thousands. TRIAL BY JURY: When one Is accused by the state of a crime, the second scariest thought you can have Is that you will be tried by a Jury of your peers. The only thing scarier than this Is to be tried a Jury of your peers.The only thing scarier than a democratically elected government which allows Its citizens to own sophisticated weaponry Is a democratically elected government which goes NOT allow Its colleens to own sophisticated weaponry. Democracy – Essay 3 By Vienna POLLS: One way in which the media attempts to tell people what to think is by again, you will understand it. Fortunately, the results of these polls invariably conflict with each other and with reality, so that prolonged exposure builds up immunities.People who live in a democracy, since they believe they have some influence over the law, tend to extrapolate this into the belief that the law me ans whatever they want it to mean. (The media probably plays a role in this, though we LAWYERS: They come with litigation. Experiments show that when the population of incessantly be subjected to hearing the ideas, speculation, and bizarre thousands. When one is accused by the state of a crime, the second scariest thought you can have is that you will be tried by a Jury of your peers. The only thing scarier than this is to be tried WITHOUT a Jury of your peers. WEAPONRY: The only thing scarier than a democratically elected government which allows its citizens to own sophisticated weaponry is a democratically elected government which does NOT allow its citizens to own sophisticated weaponry.

Beautiful Tragic Love (Creative Writing)

g Beautiful Tragic Love I never asked my life to be a FAIRY TALE or PERFECT, all I wanted was a normal life, and I didn't have a very happy childhood living with my parents as an only child. As I was growing up all my life it revolved around men, every time I would fall in love with one, they would leave me after 3 months. I was beginning to feel like a hopeless romantic just like my mum when my dad had left her when I was beginning to experiment with love. I felt cursed. I kept asking myself â€Å"WHY, WHY DOES THIS KEEP HAPPENING TO ME All men are dogs! I am almost twenty one and I don’t know if the problem lies with me or my family, all I know is that I have given my parents so much problems and so much  pain, I guess my life is a long journey and am finding myself in it everyday. My story began last summer of 2009; I could feel that there was something in the air that day. Birds were chirping, the wind was blowing leaving me shivers down my spine and everything felt so alive. I had been  depressed  for about a year before that day.I was  walking  along  the beach  with my bare feet buried in the sand and the waves of the sea crushing into my feet when my life started to take a turn for the best†¦ From a distance I saw a handsome young man admiring me from far. Our eyes met and it was like nothing I had ever felt before with any of the men I had been with. It was something special. We began  walking  closer together like something out of a movie. I felt on  top of the world for once, my eyes were sparkling and my  stomach  was fluttering with butterflies, as we walked closer and closer to each other.When we became close enough to talk about our personal lives, Will would get on his knee and speak my fluent language, French and say the most  romantic  things. At that point I knew he had my heart. We talked until 2. 00 a. m. The next  morning it turned out that he lives only about ten minutes from where I was living. We started seeing more of each other, Will begin to get serious about us. I fought the depression  that I had and soon I was glowing with life and he was the world to me, he became my anything and everything. We had been going out for about six months when he met my mother.My mother disapproved of Will mainly because she thought I was too young to be in a serious relationship and that I wasn’t ready because this relationship might end up like the rest of my other terrible relationship. Just like any mother she was worried about me but I kept reassuring her that this time it was something different. She soon banned me from seeing him. For a while we went out against her will and had four more months of endless happiness. I had finally met someone whom I loved and wanted to spend the rest of my life with. One day when I finished from work he had texted me to meet him at the same beach we met a year ago.When I got there I saw him standing on one of the big rocks beside the sea , he waved from far and yelled my name â€Å"LAKE, AM OVER HERE! † my heart was beating so fast as if I was in a race. When I got on the rock with him, it was nearly sunset time; he took both of my hands (Oh My God) I screamed quietly inside with excitement hoping that he would say something along the lines of marrying him. He looked at me straight in the eye to show that he was serious, and started saying â€Å"Lake ever since I have laid eyes on you, it’s like you have awaked me from my soul, and I don’t see life without you. He moved on from saying â€Å"Would you like to move in with me? † All I could feel was special, wanted, happy, in love, and emotional all at the same time. Few tears dropped down my cheeks without realizing because I kept repeating what he had just said. No boy had ever said anything like what Will had said. Holding me closer to him I looked him deep in those amazing emerald green eyes and answered â€Å"YES!!! † as I fall in to kiss him. Life couldn’t have got any better; we were so madly in love that we couldn’t wait so we got married a few months later.It has been two years since we got married and it feels like it was just yesterday. On our two year  anniversary, I was 4 months pregnant with our first child, so that night he had planned to take me out to a fancy  French Restaurant. As we were leaving we both looked up at the big beautiful moon, it was shinning like a bight, bright light, it was just the perfect moment in my life where I could hold pause forever. When suddenly a man came out of the shadows with a gun, he came took my purse and Will's wallet. Someone saw the crime taking place and screamed â€Å"STOP† at the man.Everything became a blur as Will threw himself in front of me as the gun went off. I couldn’t believe my eyes, what I hadn’t envisioned in a million years seemed to become a reality. The robber ran off into the night and left Will to d ie in my arms. I looked down at him and tears started to explode down my cheeks as I screamed â€Å"HELP! † â€Å"SOMEONE CALL THE AMBALANCE! † I held him closely for the longest time as he bled to his death. Right before he died he told me â€Å"We will be  together again†¦ I promise†¦ I love you and the baby†¦and both of you will be always in y heart. † He looked so peaceful and handsome just like the first day I had met him; my heart was torn into pieces as he drew his last breath. He lay there dead in my arms staring at me with his emerald green eyes. I felt helpless as I held him even closer and kept screaming and crying â€Å"NO†¦ NO THIS CAN’T BE HAPPENING†¦NOT TO ME†¦NOT AGAIN!! † He will always be in my heart; whenever the wind blows I can still hear him whispering sweet things in my ear. Sometimes when you find happiness again in your life, it turns into your worst nightmare.

Internet Working Essay

In this paper the functions and the Structure of the Internet is discussed in detail along with the help of figures and diagram in order to make understand that what the internet really is and how it works . The paper discusses in detail the main functions and parts of Internet and how they work according to their functions and features . the Internet has opened the vistas of knowledge for the world so The world has become a global village where the people live their life on the Internet . It has no boundaries or barriers, It is open to all who have access to Internet using computer . The e-commerce and online business has really facilitated the people now days . They can draw money , deposit money , transfer money and shop nay thing on internet in seconds . furthermore people can also share the information with the people living in various countries in research work the internet has really brought a revolution in the world of Information Technology . Introduction: The internet has been a useful source of information for the public and made things possible which were impossible in the past . Such as emailing has accelerated the process of Mailing and it hardly takes seconds to reach in any part of the world as the Client are connected to Server and the Server connects the clients to world wide web . it is like cob web which keeps connected to all users at the same time . The Internet’s growth has become explosive and it seems impossible to escape the bombardment of www. com’s seen constantly on television, heard on radio, and seen in magazines. Because the Internet has become such a large part of our lives, a good understanding is needed to use this new tool most effectively. This whitepaper explains the underlying infrastructure and technologies that make the Internet work. It does not go into great depth, but covers enough of each area to give a basic understanding of the concepts involved. For any unanswered questions, a list of resources is provided at the end of the paper. Any comments, suggestions, questions, etc. are encouraged and may be directed to the author at the email address given above. The Internet Frame Work: As the Internet is a global network of computers each computer connected to the Internet must have a unique address. Internet addresses are in the form nnn. nnn. nnn. nnn where nun must be a number from 0 – 255. This address is known as an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol; more on this later. ) The picture below illustrates two computers connected to the Internet; your computer with IP address 1. 2. 3. 4 and another computer with IP address 5. 6. 7. 8. The Internet is represented as an abstract object in-between. (As this paper progresses, the Internet portion of Diagram 1 will be explained and redrawn several times as the details of the Internet are exposed. )